What Is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation refers to the colouring of the skin caused by melanin, the hyperpigmentation produced by skin cells. When melanin production becomes uneven or excessive, it can lead to visible dark spots or patches.

Hyperpigmentation can affect all skin tones and may appear after sun exposure, inflammation, or as part of the ageing process.

Types of Hyperpigmentation

Different hyperpigmentation types require different approaches. Common types include:

• Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): Caused by UV exposure, often seen on the face, hands, or shoulders
• Melasma: Hormone-related hyperpigmentation, typically in symmetrical patches on the cheeks, forehead, or upper lip
• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Dark marks left behind after acne, eczema, or injury
• Freckles: Small, scattered brown spots triggered by sun exposure, more common in lighter skin tones
• Hori’s Nevus: Blue-grey patches often seen on the cheeks, mostly in Asian skin types

What Causes Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation can be triggered by various internal and external factors, including:

• UV exposure: The most common cause; triggers melanin production
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, or menopause can lead to melasma
• Inflammation: Skin trauma or acne can result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
• Genetics: A family history may increase susceptibility
• Medications: Certain drugs may trigger hyperpigmentation as a side effect
• Ageing: Natural slowing of skin turnover can make dark spots more visible